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Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease that causes mineralization of elastic fibers in some tissues. The most common problems arise in the skin and eyes, and later in blood vessels in the form of premature atherosclerosis.
Actinic elastosis, also known as solar elastosis, is an accumulation of abnormal elastin (elastic tissue) in the dermis of the skin, [2] or in the conjunctiva of the eye, [3] which occurs as a result of the cumulative effects of prolonged and excessive sun exposure, a process known as photoaging.
The primary sites of end-target organ damage following an increase in arterial stiffness are the heart, the brain (stroke, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs)), the placenta, and the kidneys (age-related loss of kidney function). [21] Firstly, stiffened arteries compromise the Windkessel effect of the arteries. [22]
Aging skin is characterized by wrinkles, loss of skin flexibility, laxity, and having a rough appearance in the skin texture. Prevalent throughout the body, loss of collagen can also contribute to numerous other disorders such as joint pain, weakened hair and nails, reduced bone density, gastrointestinal issues, and reduced muscle mass ...
Biopsies have shown reduction and degeneration of dermal elastic fibres in the affected areas of skin. [5] The loose skin is often most noticeable on the face, resulting in a prematurely aged appearance. The affected areas of skin may be thickened and dark. In addition, the joints may be loose (hypermobile) because of lax ligaments and tendons ...
Contractures develop usually when normally elastic tissues such as muscles or tendons are replaced by inelastic tissues . This results in the shortening and hardening of these tissues, ultimately causing rigidity, joint deformities and a total loss of movement around the joint.
Treatment options for PTS include proper leg elevation, compression therapy with elastic stockings, or electrostimulation devices, pharmacotherapy (pentoxifylline), herbal remedies (such as horse chestnut, rutosides), and wound care for leg ulcers. [1] [21] The benefits of compression bandages is unclear. They may be useful to treat edemas. [7]
A number of expert groups have proposed an increase in dietary protein recommendations for older age groups to 1.0–1.2 g/kg body weight per day. [48] [49] Ensuring adequate nutrition in older adults is of interest in the prevention of sarcopenia and frailty, since it is a simple, low-cost treatment approach without major side effects. [50]