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Funchal (Portuguese pronunciation: ⓘ) is the capital, largest city and the municipal seat of Portugal's Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, [ 1 ] making it the sixth largest city in Portugal.
According to the Instituto de Meteorologia (IPMA), the average annual temperature at Funchal weather station is 19.6 °C (67.3 °F) for the 1981–2010 period. Relief is a determinant factor on precipitation levels; areas such as the Madeira Natural Park can get as much as 2,800 mm (110 in) of precipitation a year. [67]
The climate of Madeira is subtropical and maritime. The average annual temperature ranges between 15 and 20 °C at sea level. The climate becomes more temperate with elevation, and frost and snow occur most winters on Madeira's high elevations. Average annual precipitation ranges from 250 to 750 millimetres (9.8 to 29.5 in).
The annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 12–13 °C (53.6–55.4 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 17–19 °C (62.6–66.2 °F) in the south (in general the south is warmer and drier than the north). The Madeira and Azores archipelagos have a narrower temperature range
Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist. The Madeira and Azorean archipelagos have a narrower temperature range, with annual average temperatures exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) in some parts of the coast. [89] Some islands in Azores have drier months in the summer.
Flooding in Funchal Waves during the flooding. An extreme weather event affected Madeira Island in Portugal's autonomous Madeira archipelago on 20 February 2010. The resulting flash floods and mudslides killed 51 people, of whom 6 are still to be found, and injured 250. Around 600 people were left homeless. [1] [2]
For instance, in the case of winters, Funchal experiences mild to warm temperatures in the winter, with frost and snowfall almost unknown, [8] whereas Tashkent has cold winters with annual frosts and snowfall; [9] or, to consider summer, Seville experiences rather high temperatures in that season. [10]
Sea temperatures range from a low of 18 °C (64 °F) in February–March to 24 °C (75 °F) in August–October. The north coast of Madeira is generally cooler by 1.5 °C (34.7 °F) The climate data for average high, average low temperature, and humidity was collected and calculated from multiple IPMA records from 2012 to 2021.