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Phenytoin may accumulate in the cerebral cortex over long periods of time which can cause atrophy of the cerebellum. The degree of atrophy is related to the duration of phenytoin treatment and is not related to dosage of the medication. [23] Phenytoin is known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy. [24]
Microvascular decompression (MVD), also known as the Jannetta procedure, [1] is a neurosurgical procedure used to treat trigeminal neuralgia (along with other cranial nerve neuralgias), a pain syndrome characterized by severe episodes of intense facial pain, and hemifacial spasm.
Trigeminal neuralgia most commonly involves the middle branch (the maxillary nerve or V 2) and lower branch (mandibular nerve or V 3) of the trigeminal nerve. [ 11 ] An individual attack usually lasts from a few seconds to several minutes or hours, but these can repeat for hours with very short intervals between attacks.
The trigeminal nerve.. ATN is usually attributed to inflammation or demyelination, with increased sensitivity of the trigeminal nerve.These effects are believed to be caused by infection, demyelinating diseases, or compression of the trigeminal nerve (by an impinging vein or artery, a tumor, dental trauma, accidents, or arteriovenous malformation) and are often confused with dental problems.
The true pathology of purple glove syndrome is not fully elucidated, however it is believed to be due to the crystallization of phenytoin within the blood and extravasates into the surrounding interstitium. Another mechanism may be due to the disruption of endothelial transcellular junctions followed by leaking of phenytoin into the surround ...
Peter Joseph Jannetta (April 5, 1932 – April 11, 2016) was an American neurosurgeon known for devising microvascular decompression, a surgical procedure to treat trigeminal neuralgia. At the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, he was the first Walter Dandy Professor of Neurological Surgery.
Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) or external Trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is a non-invasive, non-medication therapy for Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder approved in the United States by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD in children ages 7–12. [1] [2] [3] It is also used off-label to treat ADHD in adults. [4]
Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder [2] [3] and borderline personality disorder, [4] since many seem to act as mood stabilizers, and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. [5] Anticonvulsants suppress the excessive rapid firing of neurons during seizures. [6]