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The title of Ayatollah (and other Iranian Shi'i titles) has been "cheapened" in recent decades. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] According to Michael M. J. Fischer , the Iranian revolution led to "rapid inflation of religious titles", and almost every senior cleric was called an Ayatollah. [ 14 ]
Ayatollah (UK: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t ɒ l ə /, also US: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t oʊ l ə /; Arabic: اية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیتالله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. it came into widespread usage in the 20th century. [1] [2]
Mullah (/ ˈ m ʌ l ə, ˈ m ʊ l ə, ˈ m uː l ə /) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders. [1] The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law .
Ali Ahmed Mullah (born 5 July 1947), is the veteran muazzin (caller for prayer) at the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia for the past four decades. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Ali Ahmed Mulla is the longest serving muazzin for the Masjid al-Haram and has been following his family tradition in this profession since 1975.
It refers to the fatwa against the acquisition, development and use of nuclear weapons by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. [12] While the fatwa originally dates back to the mid-1990s, [ 13 ] the first public issue of it is reported to be that of October 2003, which was followed by an official statement at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy ...
Its earliest attested use, for a Shia personage, was during the Qajar period for Muhammad al-Baqir (d. 1843). [1] It was originally applied as an honorific to leading scholars, but now the use indicates a status in the hierarchy of the learned below ayatollah. [1] Shias believe that Imam al-Mahdi was the twelfth Imam after Muhammad.
Ijazah (diploma of competency) in Arabic calligraphy, written by 'Ali Ra'if Efendi in 1206 AH (1791 AD) Students of Islamic doctrine do not seek out a specific educational institution, but rather seek to join renowned teachers. [5] By tradition, a scholar who has completed their studies is approved by their teacher.
Molla Ahmad Naraqi (1185-1245 A.H./1771-1829 C.E.) also known as known as “Fauzel Narauqee”, [1] was a Shi'i cleric ("mullah"), who has been called "the first Shi‘i jurisprudent to argue for wilayat al-faqıh al-siyasıyah, [2] or "the divine mandate of the jurisprudent to rule" during the occultation of the Imam.