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A Western Disturbance over Northern India and Pakistan in November 2012. A western disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, [1] [2] which extends as east as up to northern parts of Bangladesh and South eastern Nepal. [3]
Kona Low over Hawaii, an example of a cut-off low from the main core of the jet stream. [1]A cut-off low (or cutoff low), sometimes referred to as the weatherman's woe, is defined by the National Weather Service as "a closed upper-level low which has become completely displaced (cut off) from basic westerly current, and moves independently of that current."
The United States expedition to Korea, known in Korea as the Shinmiyangyo (Korean: 신미양요; Hanja: 辛未洋擾; lit. Western Disturbance in the Shinmi Year) or simply the Korean Expedition, was an American military action in Korea that took place predominantly on and around Ganghwa Island in 1871.
The Northwest Pacific basin covers a vast area in the Pacific Ocean, located north of the equator, between 100°E and 180°E. [1] Several weather agencies monitor this basin, however it is officially monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA, RSMC Tokyo), who is responsible for forecasting, naming and issuing warnings for tropical cyclones. [1]
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Tropical systems are then moved by steering winds in the troposphere; if the conditions remain favorable, the tropical disturbance intensifies, and can even develop an eye. On the other end of the spectrum, if the conditions around the system deteriorate or the tropical cyclone makes landfall, the system weakens and eventually dissipates.
However, it was only in the mid-19th century that the first western Catholic missionaries began to enter Korea. This was done illegally, either via the China–North Korea border or the Yellow Sea. French missionaries of the Paris Foreign Missions Society were able to arrive in Korea in the 1840s to convert an increasingly large number of Koreans.
From the 1980–81 to the 2010–11 season, there was an average of 9.3 tropical storms each year in the basin. A tropical storm has 10-minute winds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph).