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A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable. Dependent variables are studied under the supposition or demand that they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on the values of other variables. Independent variables, in turn, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of ...
The response variable may be non-continuous ("limited" to lie on some subset of the real line). For binary (zero or one) variables, if analysis proceeds with least-squares linear regression, the model is called the linear probability model. Nonlinear models for binary dependent variables include the probit and logit model.
In statistics, path analysis is used to describe the directed dependencies among a set of variables. This includes models equivalent to any form of multiple regression analysis, factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis, discriminant analysis, as well as more general families of models in the multivariate analysis of variance and covariance analyses (MANOVA, ANOVA, ANCOVA).
Manipulation checks are measured variables that show what the manipulated variables concurrently affect besides the dependent variable of interest. In experiments, an experimenter manipulates some aspect of a process or task and randomly assigns subjects to different levels of the manipulation ("experimental conditions").
If the dependent variable is continuous—either interval level or ratio level, such as a temperature scale or an income scale—then simple regression can be used. If both variables are time series , a particular type of causality known as Granger causality can be tested for, and vector autoregression can be performed to examine the ...
Simple mediation model. The independent variable causes the mediator variable; the mediator variable causes the dependent variable. In statistics, a mediation model seeks to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as a mediator ...
A research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. [ 1 ] Paired t-test , Wilcoxon signed-rank test
In an economic model, an exogenous variable is one whose measure is determined outside the model and is imposed on the model, and an exogenous change is a change in an exogenous variable. [1]: p. 8 [2]: p. 202 [3]: p. 8 In contrast, an endogenous variable is a variable whose measure is determined by the model. An endogenous change is a change ...