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A snippet of JavaScript code with keywords highlighted in different colors. The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program. The examples below make use of the log function of the console object present in most browsers for standard text output.
A spreadsheet's concatenate ("&") function is used to assemble a complex text string—in this example, XML code for an SVG "circle" element. In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end. For example, the concatenation of "snow" and "ball" is "snowball".
If n is greater than the length of the string then most implementations return the whole string (exceptions exist – see code examples). Note that for variable-length encodings such as UTF-8 , UTF-16 or Shift-JIS , it can be necessary to remove string positions at the end, in order to avoid invalid strings.
COBOL uses the STRING statement to concatenate string variables. MATLAB and Octave use the syntax "[x y]" to concatenate x and y. Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET can also use the "+" sign but at the risk of ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number are together. Microsoft Excel allows both "&" and the function "=CONCATENATE(X,Y)".
Ampersand is the string concatenation operator in many BASIC dialects, AppleScript, Lingo, HyperTalk, and FileMaker. [citation needed] In Ada it applies to all one-dimensional arrays, not just strings. [citation needed] BASIC-PLUS on the DEC PDP-11 uses the ampersand as a short form of the verb PRINT. [citation needed]
If is a set of strings, then is defined as the smallest superset of that contains the empty string and is closed under the string concatenation operation. If V {\\displaystyle V} is a set of symbols or characters, then V ∗ {\\displaystyle V^{*}} is the set of all strings over symbols in V {\\displaystyle V} , including the empty string ε ...
Simple single-letter substitution ciphers are examples of (ε-free) string homomorphisms. An example string homomorphism g uc can also be obtained by defining similar to the above substitution: g uc (‹a›) = ‹A›, ..., g uc (‹0›) = ε, but letting g uc be undefined on punctuation chars. Examples for inverse homomorphic images are
Non-interpolated strings may also escape sequences, in which case they are termed a raw string, though in other cases this is separate, yielding three classes of raw string, non-interpolated (but escaped) string, interpolated (and escaped) string. For example, in Unix shells, single-quoted strings are raw, while double-quoted strings are ...