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Apixaban is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and at least one of the following risk factors: prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, age 75 years or older, diabetes, or symptomatic heart failure.
Andexanet alfa is used to stop life-threatening or uncontrollable bleeding in people who are taking rivaroxaban or apixaban. [8] Studies in healthy volunteers show that the molecule binds factor Xa inhibitors and counters their anti-Xa-activity. [11] The first published clinical trial was a prospective, open label, single group study. [12]
Labetalol is a beta blocker, or an antagonist of the β-adrenergic receptors. It is specifically a non-selective antagonist of the β 1-and β 2-adrenergic receptors. [17] Labetalol has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. [17] It is also an antagonist of the α 1-adrenergic receptor, and hence is additionally an alpha blocker.
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
The second one was apixaban (Eliquis), approved in Europe in 2011 [2] and in the United States in 2012. [3] The third one edoxaban (Lixiana, Savaysa) was approved in Japan in 2011 and in Europe and the US in 2015. [4] Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) was approved in the US in 2017.
Pronethalol was only marketed for use in life-threatening situations. Dr. James Black went on to create another β-blocker, called propranolol; a non-selective β-blocker. Clinical trials started in the summer of 1964 and a year later, propranolol was launched under the trade name Inderal, only two and a half years after it had first been ...
When combined with inhaled steroids, β adrenoceptor agonists can improve symptoms. [1] [2] In children this benefit is uncertain and they may be potentially harmful. [2]They should not be used without an accompanying steroid due to an increased risk of severe symptoms, including exacerbation in both children and adults. [3]
Hydralazine is often used to treat hypertension in pregnancy, though, with either labetalol and/or methyldopa. [11] Hydralazine is commonly used in combination with isosorbide dinitrate for the treatment of congestive heart failure in black populations. This preparation, isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine, was the first race-based prescription ...