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Mental substance, according to the idea held by dualists and idealists, is a non-physical substance of which minds are composed. This substance is often referred to as consciousness . This is opposed to the materialists , who hold that what we normally think of as mental substance is ultimately physical matter (i.e., brains).
David Clarence McClelland (May 20, 1917 – March 27, 1998) was an American psychologist, noted for his work on motivation Need Theory.He published a number of works between the 1950s and the 1990s and developed new scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and its descendants. [1]
Major process theories are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, self-determination theory, and reinforcement theory. [123] Another way to classify theories of motivation focuses on the role of inborn physiological processes in contrast to cognitive processes and distinguishes between biological, psychological, and ...
Incentive salience is a cognitive process that grants a "desire" or "want" attribute, which includes a motivational component to a rewarding stimulus. [1] [2] [3] [9] Reward is the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces appetitive behavior – also known as approach behavior – and consummatory behavior. [3]
The Systematic Motivational Therapy (SMT) Model is used for treatment of substance use. The emphasis of this model is the focus on family relationships. This model does not only show the happiness and appreciation of the family in these relationships but also the complications and ambivalent relationships that comes with substance use.
A Theory of Achievement Motivation, By John William Atkinson and Norman T. Feather, Volume 6, Wiley, (1966), Krieger Pub Co (June 1, 1974), ISBN 0-88275-166-2 Motivation and Achievement , By John William Atkinson and Joel O. Raynor , Winston; [distributed by Halsted Press Division, New York] (1974) ISBN 0-470-03626-5 , ISBN 978-0-470-03626-6
A common mental health issue could take years off your life, new research has revealed. People with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were found to live shorter lives than those who ...
According to motivational intensity theory, high approach motivational intensity will narrow attention and conversely, low motivational intensity will broaden attention. [1] This theory is at odds with a more traditional explanation of the effects of affect on cognitive scope , which suggest that positive affect broadens attention and negative ...