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In manufacturing and mechanical engineering, flatness is an important geometric condition for workpieces and tools. Flatness is the condition of a surface or derived median plane having all elements in one plane. [1] Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing has provided geometrically defined, quantitative ways of defining flatness operationally.
Granite surface plate calibration should be performed routinely to maintain proper flatness and ensure measurement accuracy over time. The intervals between calibrations depends on the environment where the surface plate is located. When needed, lapping or resurfacing is provided to bring measurements within grade guidelines.
Ideal test indicator pushed. Prior to modern geared dial mechanisms, test indicators using a single lever or systems of levers were common. The range and precision of these devices were generally inferior to modern dial type units, with a range of 10/1000 inch to 30/1000 inch, and precision of 1/1000 inch being typical.
In metrology and the fields that it serves (such as manufacturing, machining, and engineering), total indicator reading (TIR), also known by the newer name full indicator movement (FIM), is the difference between the maximum and minimum measurements, that is, readings of an indicator, on the planar, cylindrical, or contoured surface of a part ...
Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS&V) [1] is a set of ISO standards developed by ISO Technical Committee 213. [2] The aim of those standards is to develop a common language to specify macro geometry (size, form, orientation, location) and micro-geometry (surface texture) of products or parts of products so that the language can be used consistently worldwide.
Digital product definition data practices Y14.42–2002: Digital approval systems Y14.5–2018: Dimensioning and tolerancing Y14.5.1M–1994: Mathematical definition of dimensioning and tolerancing principles Y14.6–2001: Screw thread representation Y32.7–1972: Graphics symbols for railroad maps and profiles
Surface metrology is the measurement of small-scale features on surfaces, and is a branch of metrology.Surface primary form, surface fractality, and surface finish (including surface roughness) are the parameters most commonly associated with the field.
Critical dimensions as step, curvature, flatness are computed from the surface topography. While the historical notion of a profilometer was a device similar to a phonograph that measures a surface as the surface is moved relative to the contact profilometer's stylus , this notion is changing with the emergence of numerous non-contact ...