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It is caused by mutations in the CFTR protein, a chloride channel expressed in epithelial cells. [28] Lung disease results from clogging of the airways due to mucus build-up, decreased mucociliary clearance, and resulting inflammation. [30] In later stages, changes to the structure of the lung, such as bronchiectasis, occur.
The most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking. COPD is a gradually progressive condition and usually only develops after about 20 pack-years of smoking. COPD may also be caused by breathing in other particles and gases. [citation needed] The diagnosis of COPD is established through spirometry although other pulmonary function tests can be ...
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are all obstructive lung diseases characterised by airway obstruction.This limits the amount of air that is able to enter alveoli because of constriction of the bronchial tree, due to inflammation.
A history of exposure to potential causes and evaluation of symptoms may help in revealing the cause the exacerbation, which helps in choosing the best treatment. A sputum culture can specify which strain is causing a bacterial AECB. [5] An early morning sample is preferred. [7] E-nose showed the ability to smell the cause of the exacerbation. [8]
In BAE, both bronchial mucosal necrosis and pulmonary infarction seldom occur. [1] It is presumed that this is because the pulmonary circulation is dually controlled by the bronchial artery and the pulmonary artery; and even if the blood flow in the bronchial artery is lost, blood flow from the pulmonary artery is slightly maintained. [1]
The most common cause of a single lung cavity is lung cancer. [4] Bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections are common causes of lung cavities. [5] Globally, tuberculosis is likely the most common infectious cause of lung cavities. [6] Less commonly, parasitic infections can cause cavities. [5] Viral infections almost never cause cavities ...
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