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500,000 maternal deaths a year [5] Childbirth , also known as labour , parturition and delivery , is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section . [ 7 ]
Sequence of images showing the stages of a normal vaginal delivery (NVD) Sequence of images showing stages of an instrumental vaginal delivery. A vaginal delivery is the birth of offspring in mammals (babies in humans) through the vagina (also called the "birth canal"). [1] It is the most common method of childbirth worldwide. [2]
A newborn is, in colloquial use, a baby who is only hours, days, or weeks old; while in medical contexts, a newborn or neonate (from Latin, neonatus, newborn) is an infant in the first 28 days after birth [2] (the term applies to premature, full term, and postmature infants).
Typically grows at a similar rate to the previous month, usually growing between 1 and 1.5 inches (2.5 and 3.8 cm) and gaining about 2 pounds (910 g). [23] Resting heart rate is usually between 80 and 160 beats per minute, and it typically stays within that range until the infant is about one year old. [18] Motor development
[2] Reasons and motivations for choosing to give birth unassisted range greatly from mother to mother; those most frequently cited in unassisted childbirth literature and advocacy sites include [citation needed] the belief that birth is a normal function of the female body and therefore not a medical emergency. [22]
About 15 million babies are preterm each year (5% to 18% of all deliveries). [2] Late preterm birth accounts for 75% of all preterm births. [18] This rate is inconsistent across countries. In the United Kingdom 7.9% of babies are born pre-term and in the United States 12.3% of all births are before 37 weeks gestation.
In 2008 the rate of low birth weight was the highest in babies born to women younger than 15 years old (12.4%). [23] Women aged 40–54 had a rate of low birth weight at 11.8 percent. The lowest rates of low birth weight happened among babies whose mothers were between the ages of 25–29 years (4.4%) and 30–34 years (7.6%).
The occurrence of infant mortality in a population can be described by the infant mortality rate (IMR), which is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births. [1] Similarly, the child mortality rate, also known as the under-five mortality rate, compares the death rate of children up to the age of five. [2]