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For example, a system with 2 13 = 8,192 rows would require a staggered refresh rate of one row every 7.8 μs which is 64 ms divided by 8,192 rows. A few real-time systems refresh a portion of memory at a time determined by an external timer function that governs the operation of the rest of a system, such as the vertical blanking interval that ...
The storage cells on a memory chip are laid out in a rectangular array of rows and columns. The read process in DRAM is destructive and removes the charge on the memory cells in an entire row, so there is a column of specialized latches on the chip called sense amplifiers, one for each column of memory cells, to temporarily hold the data ...
A memory bank is a part of cache memory that is addressed consecutively in the total set of memory banks, i.e., when data item a(n) is stored in bank b, data item a(n + 1) is stored in bank b + 1. Cache memory is divided in banks to evade the effects of the bank cycle time (see above) [=> missing "bank cycle" definition, above]. When data is ...
For an 8-bit-wide memory chip with a 2,048 bit wide row, accesses to any of the 256 datawords (2048/8) on the row can be very quick, provided no intervening accesses to other rows occur. The drawback of the older fast column access method was that a new column address had to be sent for each additional dataword on the row.
A flash drive (also thumb drive, memory stick, and pen drive/pendrive) [1] [note 1] is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface. A typical USB drive is removable, rewritable, and smaller than an optical disc , and usually weighs less than 30 g (1 oz).
Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, NAND flash memory, and rotating media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical discs. Most file systems are based on a block device , which is a level of abstraction for the hardware responsible for storing and retrieving specified blocks of data, though ...
When physical memory is not full this is a simple operation; the page is written back into physical memory, the page table and TLB are updated, and the instruction is restarted. However, when physical memory is full, one or more pages in physical memory will need to be paged out to make room for the requested page.
Drum memory – a magnetic data storage device used as the main working memory in many early computers; i-RAM – a DRAM-based solid-state storage device produced by Gigabyte, operating as a SATA hard disk drive; Magnetic storage – the concept of storing data on a magnetised medium using different patterns of magnetisation