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This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium.
Scandium-stabilized zirconia enjoys a growing market demand for use as a high-efficiency electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. [citation needed] The USGS reports that, from 2015 to 2019 in the US, the price of small quantities of scandium ingot has been $107 to $134 per gram, and that of scandium oxide $4 to $5 per gram. [34]
Pakistan Mercantile Exchange, formerly known as National Commodity Exchange Limited is a futures commodity exchange based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is the only company in Pakistan to provide a centralised and regulated place for commodity futures trading and is regulated by Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP). It began its full ...
Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's share was 60.58% in 2020 to national economy. [ 2 ] Sindh which is the second largest province in terms of population and GDP which has steadily continued to grow, contributes 23.7% to the national economy. [ 2 ]
The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until around the start of the 21st century, when Pakistan's large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistan's central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness.
In all four halides, the scandium is 6-coordinated. They can be prepared by reacting scandium oxide or scandium hydroxide with the corresponding acid: [3] Sc(OH) 3 + 3 HX → ScX 3 + 3 H 2 O. The halides are Lewis acids; for example, ScF 3 dissolves in a solution containing excess fluoride ion to form [ScF 6] 3−. The coordination number 6 is ...
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Parts of the MiG-29 are made from Al-Sc alloy. [2] The main application of metallic scandium by weight is in aluminium–scandium alloys for minor aerospace industry components. These alloys contain between 0.1% and 0.5% (by weight) of scandium. They were used in the Russian military, specifically the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 and MiG-29. [2]