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The ideal of Pancasila has not effectively translated into a functioning liberal democracy in Indonesia. Instead, Pancasila has become a symbol of Indonesian exceptionalism, embodying the nation's values and identity. Pancasila is open to abuse, which in this case was the invitation to criminalise all kinds of ideologies but Pancasila itself.
The national emblem of Indonesia is called Garuda Pancasila in Indonesian. [2] The main part is the Garuda with a heraldic shield on its chest and a scroll gripped by its legs. The shield's five emblems represent Pancasila , the five principles of Indonesia's national ideology .
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika included in the National emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia.It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda's claws.
On 1 June 1945, he introduced a set of five principles, known as pancasila, during the joint session of the BPUPK held in the former Volksraad Building (now called the Pancasila Building). Pancasila, as presented by Sukarno during the BPUPK speech, consisted of five principles which Sukarno saw as commonly shared by all Indonesians: [38]
Hindu-Buddhist era; Spread of Islam; Portuguese era (1512–1605) VOC era (1603–1800) French and British era (1806–1816) Dutch East Indies (1800–1949) Japanese occupation (1942–1945) National Revolution (1945–1949) Liberal democracy era (1950–1959) Guided Democracy era (1959–1966) Transitional era (1965–1968) New Order (1966 ...
Another example includes Gunung Gangsir temple near Pasuruan. Some of the temples are dated from the earlier period but renovated and expanded during Majapahit era, such as Penataran, the largest temple in East Java dated back to Kediri era. This temple was identified in Nagarakretagama as Palah temple and reported being visited by King Hayam ...
Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo (modern orthography: Joyohadikusumo; born 17 October 1951) is an Indonesian politician, businessman, and retired army general serving as the eighth president of Indonesia since 2024.