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These residue contains a few percent by weight of xylenols as well as cresols and phenol. The main xylenols in such tar are the 3,5-, 2,4, and 2,3- isomers. 2,6-Xylenol is produced by methylation of phenol using methanol in the presence of metal oxide catalysts: [1] C 6 H 5 OH + 2 CH 3 OH → (CH 3) 2 C 6 H 3 OH + 2 H 2 O
2,6-DMP is produced by the methylation of phenol.With production >100,000 tons/y, it is the most important xylenol. The methylation is carried out by contacting gaseous phenol and methanol at elevated temperatures in the presence of a solid acid catalyst: [2] [3]
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 5 ppm (22 mg/m 3) over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends a limit of 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m 3). [12]
ortho-Cresol (IUPAC name: 2-methylphenol, also known as 2-hydroxytoluene or ortho-Toluenol) is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 4 (OH). It is a colourless solid that is widely used intermediate in the production of other chemicals. It is a derivative of phenol and is an isomer of p-cresol and m-cresol. [3]
Diphenylmethanol is the organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 5) 2 CHOH. Also known as benzhydrol , it is a white solid and the parent member of a large class of diaryl alcohols. Preparation
[c] [2] For example, a hypothetical weak acid having K a = 10 −5, the value of log K a is the exponent (−5), giving pK a = 5. For acetic acid, K a = 1.8 x 10 −5, so pK a is 4.7. A higher K a corresponds to a stronger acid (an acid that is more dissociated at equilibrium).
synthetic vitamin E by methylation to give 2,3,6-trimethylphenol [3] antiseptics, such as amylmetacresol; a solvent for polymers. For example, polyaniline is cast from a solution of m-cresol to form a polyaniline film with a superior conductivity than polyaniline alone. This phenomenon is known as secondary doping. [4]
The acidity of the methylene group in diphenylmethane is due to the weakness of the (C 6 H 5) 2 CH–H bond, which has a bond dissociation energy of 82 kcal mol −1 (340 kJ mol −1). [5] This is well below the published bond dissociation energies for comparable C–H bonds in propane , where BDE((CH 3 ) 2 CH–H)=98.6 kcal mol −1 , and ...