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Socratic questioning (or Socratic maieutics) [1] is an educational method named after Socrates that focuses on discovering answers by asking questions of students. According to Plato, Socrates believed that "the disciplined practice of thoughtful questioning enables the scholar/student to examine ideas and be able to determine the validity of those ideas". [2]
Questions can be created individually or in small groups. [19] All participants are given the opportunity to take part in the discussion. [21] Socratic circles specify three types of questions to prepare: Opening questions generate discussion at the beginning of the seminar in order to elicit dominant themes. [14] [19]
Schwab developed three levels of open inquiry that align with the breakdown of inquiry processes that we see today. [16] Students are provided with questions, methods and materials and are challenged to discover relationships between variables; Students are provided with a question, however, the method for research is up to the students to develop
Bloom's taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals, developed by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. It was first introduced in the publication Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals.
Linguistically, a question may be defined on three levels. At the level of semantics, a question is defined by its ability to establish a set of logically possible answers. [1] At the level of pragmatics, a question is an illocutionary category of speech act which seeks to obtain information from the addressee. [1]
It is a notion that students must master the lower level skills before they can engage in higher-order thinking. However, the United States National Research Council objected to this line of reasoning, saying that cognitive research challenges that assumption, and that higher-order thinking is important even in elementary school.
The value assigned to each Likert item is simply determined by the researcher designing the survey, who makes the decision based on a desired level of detail. However, by convention Likert items tend to be assigned progressive positive integer values. Likert scales typically range from 2 to 10 – with 3, 5, or, 7 being the most common. [14]
Proselytizing for precision questioning on a commercial basis continues via the Vervago company, [1] co-founded by Matthies and Worline. [2] Tens of thousands of people in universities and companies throughout the world have studied different versions of precision questioning. [citation needed]