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Radiation-induced lumbar plexopathy (RILP) or radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy (RILSP) is nerve damage in the pelvis and lower spine area caused by therapeutic radiation treatments. RILP is a rare side effect of external beam radiation therapy [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and both interstitial and intracavity brachytherapy radiation implants.
A venous lake (also known as phlebectasis [1]) is a generally solitary, soft, compressible, dark blue to violaceous, 0.2- to 1-cm papule commonly found on sun-exposed surfaces of the vermilion border of the lip, face and ears. [2] [3] [4] Lesions generally occur among the elderly. [5] [6]
Treatment options for NC depends on the severity and cause of the condition, and may be nonsurgical or surgical. Nonsurgical interventions include drugs, physical therapy, and spinal injections. [10] Spinal decompression is the main surgical intervention and is the most common back surgery in patients over 65. [1]
Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis. Lumbar spinal stenosis can cause pain in the low back or buttocks, abnormal sensations, and the absence of sensation (numbness) in the legs, thighs, feet, or buttocks, or loss of bladder and bowel ...
The external vertebral venous plexuses (extraspinal veins) consist of anterior and posterior plexuses which anastomose freely with each other. They are most prominent in the cervical region [ 1 ] where they form anastomoses with the vertebral , occipital , and deep cervical veins .
[11] [1] In some cases, symptoms may include double vision, numb chin, [6] back pain, leg weakness, sphincter-related problems, hydrocephalus, [12] loss of urine control, and difficulty walking. Other symptoms that are less common cranial nerve abnormalities, spinal symptoms such as limb weakness and paresthesia , and bowel and bladder dysfunction.
The 3rd and 4th lumbar veins drain into the inferior vena cava. [3]The fate of the two superior lumbar veins is far more variable, and may drain into either the inferior vena cava, ascending lumbar vein, azygos vein, or (on the left side) the left renal vein; the 1st lumbar vein often passes inferiorly to join the 2nd lumbar vein, but may less commonly drain into the ascending lumbar vein, or ...
Spinal extradural haematoma or spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) is bleeding into the epidural space in the spine. These may arise spontaneously (e.g. during childbirth), or as a rare complication of epidural anaesthesia or of surgery (such as laminectomy). [citation needed] Symptoms usually include back pain which radiates to the arms or the legs ...