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Later systems collect oil in a sump, from where it can be collected and pumped around the engine again, usually after rudimentary filtering. This system has long been the norm for larger internal combustion engines. A pumped oil system can use higher oil pressures and so makes the use of hydrostatic bearings easier. These gave a greater load ...
The load change is assisted by a four-stroke piston, working as a dynamic boosting system and allowing the good scavenging of working space. A possibility exists of changing the relative piston positions during the engine work, which gives the possibility of changing the compression ratio depending on the temporary level of the load.
The Diesel cycle is assumed to have constant pressure during the initial part of the combustion phase (to in the diagram, below). This is an idealized mathematical model: real physical diesels do have an increase in pressure during this period, but it is less pronounced than in the Otto cycle.
Four-stroke cycle used in gasoline/petrol engines: intake (1), compression (2), power (3), and exhaust (4). The right blue side is the intake port and the left brown side is the exhaust port. The cylinder wall is a thin sleeve surrounding the piston head which creates a space for the combustion of fuel and the genesis of mechanical energy.
The oil collects in sump (1), is withdrawn continuously by scavenge pump (2) and travels to the oil tank (3), where gases entrained in the oil separate and the oil cools. Gases (6) are returned to the engine sump. Pressure pump (4) forces the de-gassed and cooled oil (5) back to the engine's lubrication points (7).
Four-stroking is a condition of two-stroke engines where combustion occurs every four strokes or more, rather than every two. Though normal in some instances at idle, extremely high engine speeds, and when letting off the throttle, such firing is uneven, noisy and may, in cases of malfunction, damage the engine if allowed to continue unabated.
Oil-in-water emulsified fuels, such as the Orimulsion system and bitumen emulsions, are examples of water-continuous systems. These emulsions are often considered high internal phase emulsions (HIPE) because the continuous phase makes up about 30% of the fuel composition, whereas the dispersed phase is usually the minor component.
Data from Aircraft Diesels: Chapter 3 - The Guiberson Diesel General characteristics Type: 9-cylinder air-cooled radial diesel piston engine Bore: 5.125 in (130.18 mm) Stroke: 5.5 in (139.70 mm) Displacement: 1,021 cu in (16.73 L) Length: 38.6 in (980 mm) including starter Diameter: 47.125 in (1,197.0 mm) Dry weight: 653 lb (296 kg) Designer: F. A. Thaheld Components Valvetrain: two pushrod ...