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IGMPv2, defined in 1997, [8] improves IGMPv1 by adding the ability for a host to signal a desire to leave a multicast group. In 2002, IGMPv3 improved IGMPv2 by supporting source-specific multicast [9] and introduces membership report aggregation. [10] The support for source-specific multicast was improved in 2006. [11]
Without a querier IGMP membership reporting may be incomplete and the tables associating member ports and multicast groups are potentially incomplete and snooping will not work reliably. Some IGMP snooping implementations include full querier capability. IGMPv2 and IGMPv3 contain provision for selecting a querier when multiple are available.
1000BASE-T capable network interface card made by Intel, which connects to the computer via PCI-X. There are five physical layer standards for Gigabit Ethernet using optical fiber (1000BASE-X), twisted pair cable (1000BASE-T), or shielded balanced copper cable (1000BASE-CX).
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) is a component of the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) suite. MLD is used by IPv6 routers for discovering multicast listeners on a directly attached link, much like Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used in IPv4.
In the horizontal dimension, luma is sampled horizontally at three quarters of the full HD sampling rate – 1440 samples per row instead of 1920. Chroma is sampled at 480 samples per row, a third of the luma sampling rate. In the vertical dimension, both luma and chroma are sampled at the full HD sampling rate (1080 samples vertically).
The Interface Message Processor (IMP) was the packet switching node used to interconnect participant networks to the ARPANET from the late 1960s to 1989. It was the first generation of gateways, which are known today as routers.
Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse-Mode (PIM-SM) is a protocol for efficiently routing Internet Protocol (IP) packets to multicast groups that may span wide-area and inter-domain internets.
An insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily forming an electronic switch. It was developed to combine high efficiency with fast switching.