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Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is an important source of fatigue damage of offshore oil exploration drilling, export, production risers, including steel catenary risers (SCRs) and tension leg platform (TLP) tendons or tethers. These slender structures experience both current flow and top-end vessel motions, which both give rise to the flow ...
The thermal gradients induced generate corresponding electric potential gradients. This correlation of thermal and electric gradients is known as the Seebeck effect. The SEI technique is used to locate electrically floating conductors. When the laser changes the thermal gradient of a floating conductor, its electrical potential changes.
Vibration (from Latin vibrāre 'to shake') is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point.Vibration may be deterministic if the oscillations can be characterised precisely (e.g. the periodic motion of a pendulum), or random if the oscillations can only be analysed statistically (e.g. the movement of a tire on a gravel road).
A molecular vibration is a periodic motion of the atoms of a molecule relative to each other, such that the center of mass of the molecule remains unchanged. The typical vibrational frequencies range from less than 10 13 Hz to approximately 10 14 Hz, corresponding to wavenumbers of approximately 300 to 3000 cm −1 and wavelengths of approximately 30 to 3 μm.
Any system in thermal equilibrium has state variables with a mean energy of kT / 2 per degree of freedom. Using the formula for energy on a capacitor (E = 1 / 2 CV 2), mean noise energy on a capacitor can be seen to also be 1 / 2 C kT / C = kT / 2 . Thermal noise on a capacitor can be derived from this ...
This vibration is the cause for overhead power line wires humming in the wind, [1] and for the fluttering of automobile whip radio antennas at some speeds. Tall chimneys constructed of thin-walled steel tubes can be sufficiently flexible that, in air flow with a speed in the critical range, vortex shedding can drive the chimney into violent ...
The thermally induced unidirectional shape-shape-memory effect is an effect classified within the new so-called smart materials. Polymers with thermally induced shape-memory effect are new materials, whose applications are recently being studied in different fields of science (e.g., medicine), communications and entertainment.
This induced vibration is also referred as the out-of-plane vibration mode. The in-plane vibration will be excited by turning the sample 90° on the axis parallel to its length. The natural frequency of this flexural vibration mode is characteristic for the dynamic Young's modulus. To minimize the damping of the test-piece, it has to be ...