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The Inter-Services Intelligence was established in 1948. It was the brainchild of Major General Walter Cawthorn, then Deputy Chief of Staff of the Pakistan Army, following the First Kashmir War which had exposed weaknesses in intelligence gathering, sharing, and coordination between the army, air force, navy, Intelligence Bureau (IB) and Military Intelligence (MI).
The ISI has reportedly been suspicious about CIA's attempted penetration of Pakistani nuclear assets, and CIA's alleged intelligence gathering in the Pakistan's tribal areas along the Afghan border. Based on these suspicions, it was speculated that the ISI was pursuing counter-intelligence against CIA operations in Pakistan and Afghanistan. [ 2 ]
The state emblem of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The Pakistani intelligence community (Urdu: جمیعت ہائے پاکستان برائے اشتراکِ سراغرسانی) comprises the various intelligence agencies of Pakistan that work internally and externally to manage, research and collect intelligence necessary for national security. [1]
The ISI have close links to the Haqqani network [67] and contribute heavily to their funding. [68] U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen in 2011 called the Haqqani network (the Afghan Taliban's most destructive element) a "veritable arm of Pakistan's ISI". [57] He further stated:
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. [1] It is based on the premise that a country should attempt to reduce its foreign dependency through the local production of industrialized products.
The National Intelligence Coordination Committee (NICC) of Pakistan is headed by the Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence. [1] [2] The overarching intelligence coordination body was given assent by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan in November 2020. [3]
Operation Tupac is the codename of a military-intelligence contingency program that was run in the 1980s by Pakistan's main intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). It has a three-part action plan to provide covert support to anti- India separatists and militants in the insurgency in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir .
The Pakistan Army Corps of Military Intelligence is a military administrative and the staff service branch of the Pakistan Army. [1]The military intelligence provides assessments on capabilities of competing nations while its mission parameters includes to gather informations on identifying and eliminating sleeper cells, foreign agents, and other anti-state elements within Pakistan, including ...