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The river has been called a variety of names by local First Nations. Beginning in the 16th century, French explorers visited what is now Canada and gave the river names such as the Grand fleuve de Hochelaga and the Grande rivière du Canada, [8] where fleuve and rivière are two French words (fleuve being a river that flows into the sea).
The drainage basins of these nine rivers extend into both countries; in addition, the drainage basins of six others—the Fraser, Assiniboine, South Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Nelson, and Winnipeg—extend into the United States even though their main stems flow entirely within Canada. Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision.
Drainage basins of Canada. The major Canadian drainage basins are the following: [1] [2] Arctic Ocean; Pacific Ocean; Hudson Bay including James Bay and Ungava Bay; Atlantic Ocean including the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Drainage basin; Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River basin
Its extensive watershed drains about 20 percent of Canada. [9] It is the largest river flowing into the Arctic from North America, and including its tributaries has a total length of 4,241 kilometres (2,635 mi), making it the thirteenth longest river system in the world. [10]
Cartier named the shores of the St. Lawrence River "The Country of Canadas", after an indigenous word meaning "village" or "settlement", thus naming the world's second largest country. [ 57 ] Basque whalers from Saint-Jean-de-Luz sailed into the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1530 and began whaling at Red Bay . [ 58 ]
The Fraser River is known for the fishing of white sturgeon, all five species of Pacific salmon (chinook, coho, chum, pink, sockeye), as well as steelhead trout. The Fraser River is also the largest producer of salmon in Canada. [25] A typical white sturgeon catch can average about 500 pounds (230 kg). [26]
The Ottawa River drains into the Lake of Two Mountains and the St. Lawrence River at Montreal. The river is 1,271 km (790 mi) long; it drains an area of 146,300 km 2 (56,500 sq mi), 65 per cent in Quebec and the rest in Ontario, with a mean discharge of 1,950 m 3 /s (69,000 cu ft/s). [1]
Running for about 160 km, the fluvial estuary or estuarine section of the river extends from the outlet of lake Saint-Pierre [10] [11] to the RCM L'Islet; the portion of the river under the power of freshwater tides. The average depth of the main channel varies from 13 to 40 m, with pools of 21 m in Trois-Rivières-Ouest and 60 m in Quebec City ...
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