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Converts Unicode character codes, always given in hexadecimal, to their UTF-8 or UTF-16 representation in upper-case hex or decimal. Can also reverse this for UTF-8. The UTF-16 form will accept and pass through unpaired surrogates e.g. {{#invoke:Unicode convert|getUTF8|D835}} → D835.
The tables below list the number of bytes per code point for different Unicode ranges. Any additional comments needed are included in the table. The figures assume that overheads at the start and end of the block of text are negligible. N.B. The tables below list numbers of bytes per code point, not per user visible "character" (or "grapheme ...
On the web, it is the second most-used single-byte character encoding (or third most-used character encoding overall), and most used of the single-byte encodings supporting Cyrillic. As of January 2024 [update] , 0.3% of all websites use Windows-1251.
Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text.
[1] [a] Most common variable-width encodings are multibyte encodings (aka MBCS – multi-byte character set), which use varying numbers of bytes to encode different characters. (Some authors, notably in Microsoft documentation, use the term multibyte character set, which is a misnomer , because representation size is an attribute of the ...
UTF-32 (32-bit Unicode Transformation Format), sometimes called UCS-4, is a fixed-length encoding used to encode Unicode code points that uses exactly 32 bits (four bytes) per code point (but a number of leading bits must be zero as there are far fewer than 2 32 Unicode code points, needing actually only 21 bits). [1]
UTF-16 (16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding that supports all 1,112,064 valid code points of Unicode. [1] [a] The encoding is variable-length as code points are encoded with one or two 16-bit code units.
The Guobiao (GB) line of character encodings start with the Simplified Chinese charset GB 2312 published in 1980. Two encoding schemes existed for GB 2312: a one-or-two byte 8-bit EUC-CN encoding commonly used, and a 7-bit encoding called HZ [1] for usenet posts. [2]: 94 A traditional variant called GB/T 12345 was published in 1990.