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Isotopomers of isotopically modified ethanol. The molecule at the bottom left is not an isotopomer of any other depicted molecule. Isotopomers or isotopic isomers are isomers which differ by isotopic substitution, and which have the same number of atoms of each isotope but in a different arrangement.
The term isotopes (originally also isotopic elements, [4] now sometimes isotopic nuclides [5]) is intended to imply comparison (like synonyms or isomers). For example, the nuclides 12 6 C, 13 6 C, 14 6 C are isotopes (nuclides with the same atomic number but different mass numbers [6]), but 40 18 Ar, 40 19 K, 40 20 Ca are isobars (nuclides with ...
Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties. Two main forms of isomerism are structural (or constitutional) isomerism, in which bonds between the atoms differ; and stereoisomerism (or spatial isomerism), in which the bonds are the same but the relative positions of the atoms differ. Isomeric relationships form a ...
The isomeric shift on atomic spectral lines is the energy or frequency shift in atomic spectra, which occurs when one replaces one nuclear isomer by another. The effect was predicted by Richard M. Weiner [2] in 1956, whose calculations showed that it should be measurable by atomic (optical) spectroscopy (see also [3]).
The mass difference (mass shift), which dominates the isotope shift of light elements. [2] It is traditionally divided to a normal mass shift (NMS) resulting from the change in the reduced electronic mass, and a specific mass shift (SMS), which is present in multi-electron atoms and ions.
This isotope, along with 28 Ne, have been used in the model of reactions in crust of neutron stars. [17] The most common decay mode for isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes is β + decay to nitrogen, and the most common mode after is β − decay to fluorine.
Arsenic (33 As) has 32 known isotopes and at least 10 isomers. Only one of these isotopes, 75 As, is stable; as such, it is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioisotope is 73 As with a half-life of 80 days.
Carbon (6 C) has 14 known isotopes, from 8 C to 20 C as well as 22 C, of which 12 C and 13 C are stable.The longest-lived radioisotope is 14 C, with a half-life of 5.70(3) × 10 3 years. . This is also the only carbon radioisotope found in nature, as trace quantities are formed cosmogenically by the reactio