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Chola Nadu is an ancient region spanning on the current state of Tamil Nadu and union territory of Puducherry in southern India. It encompasses the lower reaches of the Kaveri River and its delta, and formed the cultural homeland and political base of the Chola Dynasty which ruled large parts of India and Sri Lanka between the 9th and 13th ...
The Chola dynasty was at the peak of its influence and power during the 11th century. [39] Rajendra I conquered Odisha and Pala dynasty of Bengal and reached the Ganges river in north India. [40] Rajendra Chola I built a new capital called Gangaikonda Cholapuram to celebrate his victories in northern India. [41]
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The Chola empire was divided into several provinces called mandalams which were further divided into valanadus, which were subdivided into units called kottams or kutrams. [52] At local government level, every village was a self-governing unit. A number of villages constituted a larger entity known as a kurram, nadu or kottam, depending on the ...
The Three Crowned Kings, [a] were the triumvirate of Chera, Chola and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three Nadu (countries) of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala and some parts of Tamilnadu) in southern India.
Historical map of the Chola Empire, where Tamil was the language of administration. The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where Tamil is an official language or language of government. Tamil is the 17th most spoken language in the world. Tamil language speakers make up approximately 1.06% of the world population.
Some early efforts by Maravarman I to expand into the ancient Chola country were effectively checked by the Hoysalas. Jatavarman I (c. 1251) successfully expanded the kingdom into the Telugu country (as far north as Nellore), south Kerala, and conquered northern Sri Lanka. The city of Kanchi became a secondary capital of the Pandyas.
The term mandalam had been in use as a designation of territory even during the Classical Age where it had been used to refer to the Chera, Chola, and Pandiya mandalams. [5] Under Raja Raja Chola I, the concept was evolved to organise the various politico-cultural subregions of the Tamil country that had been unified under the Cholas. Each of ...