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In 1908, during the Dutch East Indies colonial era, only Java and the Madura Island were initially given time until 1932, when the government utilised UTC+06:30 up to +09:30. In between those changes in 1918, Central Java ( UTC+07:20 , now defunct) was the basis for time in select locations: for instance, Padang was 7 minutes behind Central Java.
2025 Indonesian student protests, nicknamed the #IndonesiaGelap demonstrations (Indonesian: demo #IndonesiaGelap, the hashtag itself literally means 'Dark Indonesia'), are a series of ongoing student-led anti-government demonstrations throughout several cities in Indonesia, launched on 17 February 2025 by the All-Indonesian Students' Union (BEM SI), [13] together with individual students' unions.
The Denpasar Conference of 18–24 December was held to work out the details of a state which to be called the State of the Great East (Indonesian: Negara Timoer Besar). [7] [8] That state was established on 24 December and, on 27 December, renamed the State of East Indonesia (Negara Indonesia Timoer or 'NIT').
In the post–World War I era, the Indonesian communists who were associated with the Third International started to usurp the nationalist movement. [89] The repression of the nationalist movement led to many arrests, including Indonesia's first president, Sukarno (1901–70), who was imprisoned for political activities on 29 December 1929. [ 90 ]
Serangan Fajar (released internationally as Attack at Dawn) is a 1982 Indonesian war film directed by Arifin C. Noer and produced by G. Dwipayana. Telling the lives of several persons during the Indonesian National Revolution , the film used wayang imagery to show heroism.
The Gilchrist Document is a much cited letter from 1965 often used to support arguments for Western involvement in the overthrow of Sukarno in Indonesia.The document purports to be a letter from the British ambassador to Jakarta, Andrew Gilchrist, addressed to the British Foreign Office.
The movement flourished in the 1950s due to chronic instability within the central government during the Liberal Democracy Era. In 1957, it was estimated that the Darul Islam controlled one-third of West Java and more than 90% of South Sulawesi and Aceh provinces where the government only controlled the cities and towns.
The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia (Indonesian: Demokrasi Liberal), also known as the Era of Parliamentary Democracy, was a period in Indonesian political history, when the country was under a liberal democratic system. During this period, Indonesia held its first and only free and fair legislative election until 1999, but also saw ...