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Early neurosyphilis often has no clinical symptoms. Meningitis is the most-common neurological presentation in early syphilis, typically arising within one year of initial infection. [6] Symptoms of syphilitic meningitis are similar to other forms of meningitis, including headache, neck stiffness, photophobia, confusion, nausea, and vomiting. [7]
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder, and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the chronic meningoencephalitis and cerebral atrophy that are associated with this late stage of the disease when left untreated.
Early symptomatic neurosyphilis (or acute syphilitic meningitis or neurorecurrence) is the onset of meningeal syphilis. The symptoms arise as a result of inflamed meninges, which eventually lead up to signs of meningitis. [2] Treponema pallidum invades the nervous system within three to eighteen months after the primary infection.
The most common complication is syphilitic aortitis, which may result in aortic aneurysm formation. [3] Neurosyphilis refers to an infection involving the central nervous system. Involvement of the central nervous system in syphilis (either asymptomatic or symptomatic) can occur at any stage of the infection. [21]
Tabes dorsalis is a late consequence of neurosyphilis, characterized by the slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord (nerve root). These patients have lancinating nerve root pain which is aggravated by coughing, and features of sensory ataxia with ocular ...
Some infants with congenital syphilis have symptoms at birth, but many develop symptoms later. Symptoms may include rash, fever, large liver and spleen, and skeletal abnormalities. [17] Newborns will typically not develop a primary syphilitic chancre but may present with signs of secondary syphilis (i.e. generalized body rash).
Starved for oxygen and nutrients, elastic fibers become patchy and smooth muscle cells die. If the disease progresses, syphilitic aortitis leads to an aortic aneurysm. Overall, tertiary syphilis is a rare cause of aortic aneurysms. [3] Syphilitic aortitis has become rare in the developed world with the advent of penicillin treatments after ...
Argyll Robertson pupils were named after Douglas Argyll Robertson (1837–1909), a Scottish ophthalmologist and surgeon who described the condition in the mid-1860s in the context of neurosyphilis. In the early 20th century, William John Adie described a second type of pupil that could "accommodate but not react".