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B-Raf is a 766-amino acid, regulated signal transduction serine/threonine-specific protein kinase.Broadly speaking, it is composed of three conserved domains characteristic of the Raf kinase family: conserved region 1 (CR1), a Ras-GTP-binding [11] self-regulatory domain, conserved region 2 (CR2), a serine-rich hinge region, and conserved region 3 (CR3), a catalytic protein kinase domain that ...
V600E is a mutation of the BRAF gene in which valine (V) is substituted by glutamic acid (E) at amino acid 600. [1] [2] It is a driver mutation in a proportion of certain diagnoses, including melanoma, [3] [4] hairy cell leukemia, [5] [6] papillary thyroid carcinoma, [7] [8] colorectal cancer, [9] non-small-cell lung cancer, [10] [11] Langerhans cell histiocytosis, [12] Erdheim–Chester ...
The COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database was designed to collect and display information on somatic mutations in cancer. It was launched in 2004, with data from just four genes, HRAS, KRAS2, NRAS and BRAF. [6] These four genes are known to be somatically mutated in cancer. Since its creation, the database has expanded rapidly.
Papillary thyroid cancer (papillary thyroid carcinoma, [1] PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, [2] representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases. [1] It occurs more frequently in women and presents in the 20–55 year age group.
A diagnosis of ovarian cancer is confirmed through a biopsy of tissue, usually removed during surgery. [1] Screening is not recommended in women who are at average risk, as evidence does not support a reduction in death and the high rate of false positive tests may lead to unneeded surgery, which is accompanied by its own risks. [19]
Breast cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death for women ages 20 to 49, and, according to the BCRF, diagnoses in young women have been rising by more than 2 percent each year for the ...
Bone biopsy is said to offer the greatest likelihood of reaching a diagnosis. It would appear that approximately half these patients harbor point mutations of the BRAF gene at codon 600 substituting the amino acid glutamine for valine. In some, there is histiocyte proliferation, and on staining, the section is CD68+ and CD1a-. [citation needed]
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