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Concatenative synthesis for music started to develop in the 2000s in particular through the work of Schwarz [2] and Pachet [3] (so-called musaicing). The basic techniques are similar to those for speech, although with differences due to the differing nature of speech and music: for example, the segmentation is not into phonetic units but often into subunits of musical notes or events.
String functions common to many languages are listed below, including the different names used. The below list of common functions aims to help programmers find the equivalent function in a language. Note, string concatenation and regular expressions are handled in separate pages.
AWK uses the empty string: two expressions adjacent to each other are concatenated. This is called juxtaposition. Unix shells have a similar syntax. Rexx uses this syntax for concatenation including an intervening space.
Many authors also use concatenation of a string set and a single string, and vice versa, which are defined similarly by S 1 w = { vw : v ∈ S 1} and vS 2 = { vw : w ∈ S 2}. In these definitions, the string vw is the ordinary concatenation of strings v and w as defined in the introductory section.
String concatenation is an associative, but non-commutative operation. The empty string ε serves as the identity element; for any string s, εs = sε = s. Therefore, the set Σ * and the concatenation operation form a monoid, the free monoid generated by Σ.
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers. Kennedy, Michael. 2006. "Sprechgesang, Sprechstimme". The Oxford Dictionary of Music, second edition, Joyce Bourne, associate editor. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Music education is a field of practice in which educators are trained for careers as elementary or secondary music teachers, school or music conservatory ensemble directors. Music education is also a research area in which scholars do original research on ways of teaching and learning music.
Gordon music-learning theory is a model for music education based on Edwin Gordon's research on musical aptitude and achievement in the greater field of music learning theory. [1] [2] The theory is an explanation of music learning, based on audiation (see below) and students' individual musical differences. The theory takes into account the ...