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Judith Pamela Butler [1] (born February 24, 1956) is an American feminist philosopher and gender studies scholar whose work has influenced political philosophy, ethics, and the fields of third-wave feminism, [2] queer theory, [3] and literary theory.
Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity [1] [2] is a book by the post-structuralist gender theorist and philosopher Judith Butler in which the author argues that gender is performative, meaning that it is maintained, created or perpetuated by iterative repetitions when speaking and interacting with each other.
Drag queen and musician Shea Couleé, who identifies as gay and non-binary and uses "they/them" pronouns offstage [64] [65] Judith Butler, an American philosopher, who published Gender Trouble in 1990 and publicly came out as non-binary in 2019, is a contemporary figure in the non-binary movement. [66]
Butler examines gender, sex, psychoanalysis, and the way medicine and the law treat intersex and transgender people. [1] Focusing on the case of David Reimer who was born male and reassigned to be raised as a girl after a botched circumcision, Butler reexamines the theory of performativity that they originally explored in Gender Trouble (1990).
The third wave of feminism saw much greater acceptance of transgender rights, largely due to the influence of philosophers such as Kimberlé Crenshaw and Judith Butler, [54] [55] who argued for greater inclusion and examination of other developing fields (such as critical race theory and queer theory) within feminism.
In 2021 the philosopher Judith Butler described the anti-gender movement as a fascist trend and cautioned self-declared feminists against allying with such movements in targeting trans, non-binary, and genderqueer people. [60] [61]
"The heterosexual matrix" theory created by gender theorist Judith Butler posits that people often assume someone's sexuality based on their visible gender and sex. Lisa Disch states that it explains why people tend to assume someone's gender expression based on their sex and sexuality. [ 4 ]
However, there is a sensible amount of general criricism on the Judith Butler page. The best known crit of Butler was written by Martha Nussbaum in The New Republic in 1999. Here are two quotes, the first is a gripe about style and obscurity, the second is more specific to Gender Trouble , protesting at its elite stance which denies any concern ...