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Front cover of a PCHR from the late 1990s. The paper based child health record as used by the UK National Health Service [1] is popularly known as the "Red Book." It is given to the parents on or just after the birth of their child, and is used by parents to record standard health details such as height and weight as well as developmental milestones such as first words and first time walking. [2]
Note that rectal temperature measures approximately 0.5 °C higher than oral temperature, and axillary temperature approximately 0.5 °C less than oral temperature. [12] Aural and skin temperature measurements require special devices designed to measure temperature from these locations.
The temperature reading depends on which part of the body is being measured. The typical daytime temperatures among healthy adults are as follows: Temperature in the rectum (rectal), vagina, or in the ear (tympanic) is about 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) [20] [medical citation needed] Temperature in the mouth (oral) is about 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) [12]
After birth, health care providers will measure the baby's weight, vital signs, reflexes, head circumference, muscle tone, and posture to help determine the gestational age. [10] Various factors can influence the duration of gestation, including diseases in pregnancy and adequate prenatal care. [11]
Newborns typically lose 7–10% of their birth weight in the first few days, but they usually regain it within two weeks. [17] During the first month, infants grow about 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) and gain weight at a rate of about 1 ounce (28 g) per day. [17] Resting heart rate is generally between 70 and 190 beats per minute. [18]
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The 2000 CDC growth charts - a revised version of the 1977 NCHS growth charts - are the current standard tool for health care providers and offer 16 charts (8 for boys and 8 for girls), of which BMI-for-age is commonly used for aiding in the diagnoses of childhood obesity. [1]
The height, weight, and head circumference of a child can be compared to the expected parameters of children of the same age and sex to determine whether the child is growing appropriately. Growth charts can also be used to predict the expected adult height and weight of a child because, in general, children maintain a fairly constant growth curve.