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  2. IMRAD - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMRAD

    Fig.1: Wineglass model for IMRaD structure. The above scheme shows how to line up the information in IMRaD writing. It has two characteristics: the first is its top-bottom symmetric shape; the second is its change of width, meaning the top is wide, and it narrows towards the middle, and then widens again as it goes down toward the bottom.

  3. Abstraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction

    For example, it is difficult to agree to whether concepts like God, the number three, and goodness are real, abstract, or both. An approach to resolving such difficulty is to use predicates as a general term for whether things are variously real, abstract, concrete, or of a particular property (e.g., good ).

  4. Turing machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine

    Descriptions of real machine programs using simpler abstract models are often much more complex than descriptions using Turing machines. For example, a Turing machine describing an algorithm may have a few hundred states, while the equivalent deterministic finite automaton (DFA) on a given real machine has quadrillions.

  5. Abstract model theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_model_theory

    In mathematical logic, abstract model theory is a generalization of model theory that studies the general properties of extensions of first-order logic and their models. [1] Abstract model theory provides an approach that allows us to step back and study a wide range of logics and their relationships. [2] The starting point for the study of ...

  6. Abstract elementary class - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_elementary_class

    The following are examples of abstract elementary classes: [2] An Elementary class is the most basic example of an AEC: If T is a first-order theory, then the class Mod ⁡ ( T ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Mod} (T)} of models of T together with elementary substructure forms an AEC with Löwenheim–Skolem number |T| .

  7. List of abstractions (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abstractions...

    A program execution model that facilitates non-blocking operations, often with the use of futures or promises for results that are yet to be computed. Software Transactional Memory (STM) Atomic transaction, Rollback, STM variable A strategy that allows for composing sequences of read/write operations that should appear atomic without using locks.

  8. Theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory

    A model is an abstract and informative representation of reality (a "model of reality"), similar to the way that a map is a graphical model that represents the territory of a city or country. In this approach, theories are a specific category of models that fulfill the necessary criteria. (See Theories as models for further discussion.)

  9. Mathematical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model

    One of the popular examples in computer science is the mathematical models of various machines, an example is the deterministic finite automaton (DFA) which is defined as an abstract mathematical concept, but due to the deterministic nature of a DFA, it is implementable in hardware and software for solving various specific problems. For example ...