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Gartner's duct is located in the uterus' broad ligament. Its position is parallel with the lateral uterine tube and lateral walls of vagina and cervix . The paired mesonephric ducts in the male , in contrast, go on to form the paired epididymides , vasa deferentia , ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles .
There is a small association between Gartner's duct cysts and metanephric urinary anomalies, such as ectopic ureter and ipsilateral renal hypoplasia. [5] Symptoms of a Gartner's duct cyst include: infections, bladder dysfunction, abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, and urinary incontinence. [6] The size of the cyst is usually less than 2 cm.
It may contain 10–15 transverse small ducts or tubules that lead to the Gartner's duct (also longitudinal duct of epoophoron) that represents the caudal remnant of the mesonephric ducts and passes through the broad ligament and the lateral wall of the cervix and vagina. The epoophoron is a homologue to the epididymis in the male.
m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the genital cord: m. Müllerian duct, the upper part of which remains as the hydatid of Morgagni; the lower part, represented by a dotted line descending to the prostatic utricle, constitutes the occasionally existing cornu and tube of the uterus ...
The lower part of the mesonephric duct disappears, while the upper part persists as the longitudinal duct of the epoöphoron, called Gartner's duct. There are also developments of other tissues from the mesonephric duct that persist, e.g. the development of the suspensory ligament of the ovary.
The technique is often applied to Gartner's duct cysts, pancreatic cysts, pilonidal cysts, and Bartholin's cysts. [ 1 ] In the case of a dentigerous cyst , marsupialization may be performed to allow the growing tooth associated with the cyst to continue eruption into the oral cavity. [ 2 ]
In the female, with the absence of anti-Müllerian hormone secretion by the Sertoli cells and subsequent Müllerian apoptosis, the mesonephric ducts regress, although inclusions may persist. The vestigial epoophoron arises from these ducts. Also, lateral to the wall of the vagina, a Gartner's duct could develop as a remnant.
With an abnormally long common excretory duct, the ureter never becomes incorporated into the bladder, and, therefore, remains ectopic. In the female, the most common locations of an ectopic ureter are the bladder neck, urethra, or Gartner's duct which lies between the urethra and the anterior vaginal wall. [9]