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An IBM 80-column punched card of the type most widely used in the 20th century IBM 1442 card reader/punch for 80 column cards. A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards.
A 12-row/80-column IBM punched card from the mid-twentieth century. A punched card (also punch card [1] or punched-card [2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines.
IBM 080 Card Sorter IBM 082 Card Sorter. A punched card sorter is a machine for sorting decks of punched cards. Sorting was a major activity in most facilities that processed data on punched cards using unit record equipment. The work flow of many processes required decks of cards to be put into some specific order as determined by the data ...
A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...
The IBM 519 Document-Originating Machine, introduced in 1946, was the last in a series of unit record machines designed for automated preparation of punched cards.Others in the series included the IBM 513 & IBM 514 Reproducing Punch.
1984: The IBM 029 Card Punch, announced in 1964, was withdrawn from marketing. [69] IBM closed its last punch card manufacturing plant. [70] 2010: A group from the Computer History Museum reported that an IBM 402 Accounting Machine and related punched card equipment was still in operation at a filter manufacturing company in Conroe, Texas. [71]
Unlike earlier IBM tabulating machines, which had 80 read brushes at each read station, one for each column, the 407 had 960 brushes at each station, one for each possible hole in a punched card. Cards were held in position during each read cycle and the per digit pulses needed were generated using commutators, one for each column. This allowed ...
IBM 421 in mNACTEC. The IBM 421 accounting machine saw use in the 1960s. The largely-mechanical IBM 421 read 80-column punch cards and could print upper-case letters of the alphabet, the decimal digits 0 to 9, a period (.), and plus and minus signs. The operation of the 421 was directed by the use of a removable control panel and a carriage ...