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Special pleading is an informal fallacy wherein a person claims an exception to a general or universal principle, but the exception is unjustified. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5 ...
The exception proves the rule is a phrase that arises from ignorance, though common to good writers. The original word was preuves, which did not mean proves but tests. [4] In this sense, the phrase does not mean that an exception demonstrates a rule to be true or to exist, but that it tests the rule, thereby proving its value.
Synonym list in cuneiform on a clay tablet, Neo-Assyrian period [1] A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. [2] For example, in the English language, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are ...
Because it is most commonly used in conjunction with a nine-month academic year [114] or a nine-month term of human pregnancy, [115] it is sometimes wrongly assumed that trimester is a synonym for one third of a year or other period. [116] [117] Standard: One calendar year contains four trimesters.
The overwhelming exception is related to the hasty generalization but works from the other end. It is a generalization that is accurate, but tags on a qualification that eliminates enough cases (as exceptions); that what remains is much less impressive than what the original statement might have led one to assume.
In American substantive law, it refers to the period of a felony from start-to-end. In American procedural law, it refers to a former exception to the hearsay rule for statements made spontaneously or as part of an act. The English and Canadian version of res gestae is similar, but is still recognized as a traditional exception to the hearsay rule.
In United States law, the term Glomar response, also known as Glomarization or Glomar denial, [1] means to respond evasively to a question with the phrase "neither confirm nor deny" (NCND). [2]
In a language that supports formal exception handling, a graceful exit may be the final step in the handling of an exception. In other languages graceful exits can be implemented with additional statements at the locations of possible errors.