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The main source of polyphenols is dietary, since they are found in a wide array of phytochemical-bearing foods.For example, honey; most legumes; fruits such as apples, blackberries, blueberries, cantaloupe, pomegranate, cherries, cranberries, grapes, pears, plums, raspberries, aronia berries, and strawberries (berries in general have high polyphenol content [5]) and vegetables such as broccoli ...
Polyphenols were once considered as antioxidants, but this concept is obsolete. [67] Most polyphenols are metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase, and therefore do not have the chemical structure allowing antioxidant activity in vivo; they may exert biological activity as signaling molecules.
On the contrary, research indicates that although polyphenols are antioxidants in vitro, antioxidant effects in vivo are probably negligible or absent. [3] [4] [5] By non-antioxidant mechanisms still undefined, polyphenols may affect mechanisms of cardiovascular disease or cancer. [6]
Antioxidants protect the body from the harmful effects of free radicals by bolstering cellular function and reducing oxidative stress. ... Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that has been touted ...
As part of their adaptation from marine life, terrestrial plants began producing non-marine antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (), polyphenols, and tocopherols.The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments – particularly during the Jurassic period – as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that ...
Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in many plants, such as cranberry, blueberry, and grape seeds. Chemically, they are oligomeric flavonoids. Many are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and their gallic acid esters. More complex polyphenols, having the same polymeric building block, form the group of condensed tannins.
Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. Phenol – the simplest of the phenols Chemical structure of salicylic acid, the active metabolite of aspirin. Phenols are both synthesized industrially and produced by plants and microorganisms. [2]
The relative importance of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of antioxidant vitamins is an area of current research, but vitamin C, for example, appears to have a mostly antioxidant action in the body. [7] [9] However, less data is available for other dietary antioxidants, such as polyphenol antioxidants, [10] zinc, [11] and vitamin E ...