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Chest reconstruction ("top surgery") can be an important component of transition in the transmasculine population that can substantially improve gender incongruence. [1] This might be done as a step in the process of treating distress due to a difference between experienced or expressed gender and sex assigned at birth (gender dysphoria).
The best-known gender-affirming procedures are those that reshape the genitals, which are also known as genital reassignment surgery, genital reconstruction surgery, sex reassignment surgery, and bottom surgery (the latter is named in contrast to top surgery, which is surgery to the breasts).
Metoidioplasty, metaoidioplasty, or metaidoioplasty [2] (informally called a meto or meta) is a female-to-male gender-affirming surgery. [ 3 ] Testosterone replacement therapy gradually enlarges the clitoris to a mean maximum size of 4.6 cm (1.8 in) [ 4 ] (as the clitoris and the penis are developmentally homologous ).
The first physician to perform sex reassignment surgery in the United States was Los Angeles-based urologist Elmer Belt, who quietly performed operations from the early 1950s until 1968. [citation needed] In 1966, Johns Hopkins University opened the first sex reassignment surgery clinic in America. The Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic was made up ...
A long list of advancements made in surgery and medicine have allowed transgender people to undergo gender confirmation surgery in ways far more successfully and safely executed than ever before.
Top surgery refers to any gender affirming surgeries performed on the breasts. In transmasculine individuals, this may be a double mastectomy (removal of breast tissue), and/or a 'male chest reconstruction'. In transfeminine individuals, this may be a breast augmentation. Bottom surgery refers to any gender affirming surgeries performed on the ...
In 2016, she first began seeking gender-affirming surgery, after enduring years of mistreatment. “There were pretty regular thoughts about self-harm and self-castration.
In sex reassignment surgeries, a new penis is formed with the use of a penile implant surrounded with a tissue flap. [11] The pump unit of inflatable penile implants resembles a human testicle and can serve as an artificial testicle for concomitant scrotoplasty. [12] Initially, standard penile implants were used in phalloplasty procedures.