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ISBN 9788124604274, ISBN 8124604274, OCLC 769743700 [language: Hindi, translated from 2007 English original ISBN 8124604266, ISBN 9788124604267, OCLC 636929116] Pavitra Kumāra Śarmā (2007). Tarka śāstra. Jayapura: Haṃsā Prakāśana. OCLC 309717739 [language: Hindi] Gulābarāya. Tarka śāstra. Kāśī: Nāgarīpracāriṇī Sabhā.
Vaisheshika. Vaisheshika, also Vaisesika, (Sanskrit: वैशेषिक) is one of the six Hindu schools of Indian philosophy. It came to be closely associated with the Hindu school of logic, Nyaya. Vaisheshika espouses a form of atomism and postulates that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number of atoms.
— Akṣapada Gautama in Nyaya Sutra The text is written in sutra genre. A sutra is a Sanskrit word that means "string, thread", and represents a condensed manual of knowledge of a specific field or school. Each sutra is any short rule, like a theorem distilled into few words or syllables, around which "teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar or any field of knowledge" can be woven. Sutras ...
Logical reasoning is a mental activity that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences or arguments by starting from a set of premises and reasoning to a conclusion supported by these premises. The premises and the conclusion are propositions, i.e. true or false claims about what is the case.
Thinking, Fast and Slow is a 2011 popular science book by psychologist Daniel Kahneman . The book's main thesis is a differentiation between two modes of thought: "System 1" is fast, instinctive and emotional; "System 2" is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The book delineates rational and non-rational motivations or triggers ...
Reason is the capacity of applying logic consciously by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. [ 1] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability ...
In logic and philosophy, a formal fallacy, deductive fallacy, logical fallacy or non sequitur[ 1] ( / ˌnɒn ˈsɛkwɪtər /; Latin for 'it does not follow') is a pattern of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example propositional logic. [ 2]
Deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false. For example, the inference from the premises "all men are mortal" and " Socrates is a man" to ...