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Daoguang ( 道光) 9 March 1850 – 30 January 1851. Xianfeng ( 咸豐) 1 February 1851 – 22 August 1861. Son of Daoguang. 17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861 (aged 30) The last Chinese emperor to have personal power for the entirety of his reign, which was unstable after the Taiping Rebellion, Nian Rebellion and Second Opium War.
Emperor or Huangdi ( 皇帝; huángdì) was the title of the Chinese head of state of China from its invention by the Qin dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911. The first emperor of Qin combined the two words huang and di to form the new, grander title. Since the Han dynasty, Huangdi began to be abbreviated to huang or di.
1321–1323: Sugabala, empress consort of Emperor Yingzong. 1324–1328: Babukhan Khatun, empress consort of Emperor Taiding. 1328–1329: Budashiri, empress consort of Emperor Wenzong. 1329–1329: Babusha, empress consort of Emperor Mingzong. 1329–1332: Budashiri (second time), empress consort of Emperor Wenzong.
In Chinese, it was used exclusively by heirs of imperial, royal or princely titles. Among the Mongols, however, the Borjigits have long used it as a distinct title. Tabunang ("son-in-law") was originally the title given to a Mongol prince consort who married a Borjigit princess. It was granted to Jelme, and his descendants continued to use this ...
The imperial family's original Manchu clan name was Aisin Gioro (lit. "golden clan"). The dynasty was originally titled the Later Jin, in reference to its origins in the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234), by Nurhaci in 1616, but in 1636 Hong Taiji opted to replace this title with the Chinese dynastic title Qing (清), meaning "clear" or "pure".
Mid 19th century depiction. Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" ( Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) was the superlative title held by the monarchs who ruled various imperial dynasties or Chinese empires. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the "Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandate right to rule all under ...
China was a monarchy from prehistoric times up to 1912, when a republic was established. The succession of legendary monarchs of China were non-hereditary. Dynastic rule began c. 2070 BC when Yu the Great established the Xia dynasty, [ d] and monarchy lasted until 1912 when dynastic rule collapsed together with the monarchical government. [ 5]
The princes of the Ming dynasty were titled and salaried members of the imperial bureaucracy with nominal lordship over various fiefs of Ming China. All were members of the imperial Zhu clan descended from the twenty-six sons of Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor). None of the princes controlled the administration of their nominal fief, unlike some ...