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Ophthalmology. Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy is a group of medical disorders defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage secondary to a toxic substance and/or nutritional deficiency. The causes of these disorders are various, but they are linked by shared signs and symptoms, which this article will describe.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders encompass a range of physicaland neurodevelopmentalproblems which can result from prenatal alcohol exposure. Diagnosis is based on the signs and symptoms in the person and evidence of alcohol use.[1] These diagnoses of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are currently recognized:
Specialty. Ophthalmology. Retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ), also called retrolental fibroplasia ( RLF) and Terry syndrome, is a disease of the eye affecting prematurely born babies generally having received neonatal intensive care, in which oxygen therapy is used because of the premature development of their lungs. [ 2]
The brain is a major target for the actions of alcohol, and heavy alcohol consumption has long been associated with brain damage. Studies clearly indicate that alcohol is neurotoxic, with direct effects on nerve cells. Chronic alcohol abusers are at additional risk for brain injury from related causes, such as poor nutrition, liver disease, and ...
Tentative evidence indicates that the risk of myopia can be decreased by having young children spend more time outside. [13] [14] This decrease in risk may be related to natural light exposure. [15] Myopia can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or by refractive surgery. [1] [16] Eyeglasses are the simplest and safest method of ...
Ciclosporin, steroid eye drops [ 2] Frequency. ~20% [ 5] Dry eye syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is the condition of having dry eyes. [ 2] Symptoms include dryness in the eye, irritation, redness, discharge, blurred vision, and easily fatigued eyes. Symptoms range from mild and occasional to severe and continuous. [ 3]
Developmental toxicity is any developmental malformation that is caused by the toxicity of a chemical or pathogen. It is the structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation, development or behavior. Developmental toxicity is caused by environmental insult, which ...
The short-term effects of alcohol consumption range from a decrease in anxiety and motor skills and euphoria at lower doses to intoxication (drunkenness), to stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia (memory "blackouts"), and central nervous system depression at higher doses. Cell membranes are highly permeable to alcohol, so once it is in ...