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In molecular biology the ZZ-type zinc finger domain is a type of protein domain that was named because of its ability to bind two zinc ions. [1] These domains contain 4-6 Cys residues that participate in zinc binding (plus additional Ser/His residues), including a Cys-X2-Cys motif found in other zinc finger domains.
A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions (Zn 2+) which stabilizes the fold. The term zinc finger was originally coined to describe the finger-like appearance of a hypothesized structure from the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) transcription factor IIIA.
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ZZ-type zinc finger-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZZZ3 gene. [5] See also. ZZ zinc finger; References
Other procedures can utilize either 1-finger or 2-finger modules to generate zinc-finger arrays with six or more individual zinc fingers. The main drawback with this procedure is the specificities of individual zinc fingers can overlap and can depend on the context of the surrounding zinc fingers and DNA.
It has an N-terminal bilobed HECT domain, conferring E3 ligase functionality, as well as 3 RLD domains with seven-bladed β-propeller folds. In addition to these HERC family hallmarks, it has several other motifs; a cytochrome-b5-like domain, several potential phosphorylation sites, and a ZZ-type zinc finger motif. [1]
The majority of engineered zinc finger arrays are based on the zinc finger domain of the murine transcription factor Zif268, although some groups have used zinc finger arrays based on the human transcription factor SP1. Zif268 has three individual zinc finger motifs that collectively bind a 9 bp sequence with high affinity. [12]
CpG-binding protein (CGBP) also known as CXXC-type zinc finger protein 1 (CXXC1) or PHD finger and CXXC domain-containing protein 1 (PCCX1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXXC1 gene. [5] [6] [7] Proteins that contain a CXXC motif within their DNA-binding domain, such as CXXC1, recognize CpG sequences and regulate gene expression. [6]