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Polyvalent influenza vaccine is a type of influenza vaccine that provides immunity against more than one type of antigen. [1] In the second week after receiving the flu shot, the body's immune system is triggered by the antigens so the body starts producing antibodies. These antibodies help fight against influenza viruses.
Causes of breakthrough infections include biological factors in the recipient, improper administration or storage of vaccines, mutations in viruses, blocking antibody formation, and other factors. For these reasons, vaccines are rarely 100% effective. A 2021 study found the common flu vaccine provided immunity to the flu in 58% of recipients. [6]
Inactivated flu vaccines cannot cause influenza and are regarded as safe during pregnancy. [96] While side effects of the flu vaccine may occur, they are usually minor, including soreness, redness, swelling around the point of injection, headache, fever, nausea, or fatigue. [150]
Flu deaths in children reached a concerning high during the 2023-2024 season. Most of the children who died weren’t vaccinated against the virus. Doctors stress the importance of vaccinating all ...
The main benefit of cell-based vaccines is the ability to rapidly produce vaccine supplies during an impending pandemic.Cell-based antigen production offer a faster and more stable production of vaccines compared to embryonic chicken eggs, which produce 1-2 vaccine doses per chicken egg. [8]
The viruses can invade lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages to produce viral nucleic acid, which stimulates the infected cells to release cytokines and chemokines, activating macrophages, dendritic cells, and others. [5] Cytokine storm syndrome is a diverse set of conditions that can result in a cytokine storm.
A vaccine that contains the A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) flu strain. [28] Pumarix: A vaccine approved for medical use in the European Union in March 2011. [29] Seqirus/Audenz: A vaccine for adults that contains a killed flu strain called A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8)-like strain. [30] Some older H5N1 vaccines for humans that have been licensed are:
[49] [50] [51] However, the use of the preparation has been described as "imprudent" when an influenza strain causes death in healthy adults by cytokine storm leading to primary viral pneumonia. [52] The manufacturer cites a lack of evidence for cytokine-related risks, but labels the product only as an antioxidant and food supplement. [53]