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Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy (SAAM), also known as anti-HMGCR myopathy, is a very rare form of muscle damage caused by the immune system in people who take statin medications. [1] However, there are cases of SAAM in patients who have not taken statin medication, and this can be explained by the exposure to natural sources of statin ...
Symptoms tend to worsen with muscle exercise, and often continue after a patient is removed from statin therapy. [1] Common types of myopathy due to statins include myalgia, myositis, and rhabdomyolysis. Statins induce myopathy by inhibiting protein synthesis within the muscle. [6]
A 2010 published meta-analysis found for every 255 patients taking a statin for 4 years, one additional case of diabetes would occur whilst preventing 5.4 major coronary events. [27] Some drugs interact with statins in a way that increases the risk of muscle injury called myopathy, characterized by unexplained muscle weakness or pain.
Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis is rare, occurring in less than 0.1% of people who take statins. [66] [67] [68] Statin induced rhabdomyolysis, as with other statin associated muscle symptoms, occurs most commonly in the first year of treatment but can occur at any time during treatment. [66]
By definition, all limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) cause progressive proximal weakness, [3] meaning weakness of the muscles on or close to the torso that worsens over time. Explicitly, LGMD preferentially affects muscles of the hip girdle, thigh, shoulder girdle, and/or upper arm. [8] [6] The muscle weakness is generally symmetric. [11]
Rhabdomyolysis (shortened as rhabdo) is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, often due to high intensity exercise over a short period. [6] [4] [5] Symptoms may include muscle pains, weakness, vomiting, and confusion. [3] [4] There may be tea-colored urine or an irregular heartbeat.
Other autoimmune diseases can mimic the symptoms of IMM (muscle weakness and autoantibodies), including Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and the muscle form of sarcoidosis. [1] Although idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is a diagnosis of exclusion, it is often the initial misdiagnosis of several acquired non ...
The severity of muscle weakness can be classified into different "grades" based on the following criteria: [16] [17] Grade 0: No contraction or muscle movement. Grade 1: Trace of contraction, but no movement at the joint. Grade 2: Movement at the joint with gravity eliminated. Grade 3: Movement against gravity, but not against added resistance.