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Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen arrives at the stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) or at the ovule (in gymnosperms) of the same plant. The term cross-pollination is used for the opposite case, where pollen from one plant moves to a different plant.
Self-pollination is an example of autogamy that occurs in flowering plants. Self-pollination occurs when the sperm in the pollen from the stamen of a plant goes to the carpels of that same plant and fertilizes the egg cell present. Self-pollination can either be done completely autogamously or geitonogamously. In the former, the egg and sperm ...
Chasmogamous (a) and cleistogamous (b) flowers of Viola pubescens. Arrows point to structure. Cleistogamy is a type of automatic self-pollination of certain plants that can propagate by using non-opening, self-pollinating flowers. Especially well known in peanuts, peas, and pansies, this behavior is most widespread in the grass family.
Self-pollination occurs when pollen from one flower pollinates the same flower or other flowers of the same individual. [45] It is thought to have evolved under conditions when pollinators were not reliable vectors for pollen transport, and is most often seen in short-lived annual species and plants that colonize new locations. [ 46 ]
Geitonogamy is when pollen is exported using a vector (pollinator or wind) out of one flower but only to another flower on the same plant. It is a form of self-fertilization. In flowering plants , pollen is transferred from a flower to another flower on the same plant, and in animal pollinated systems this is accomplished by a pollinator ...
Some flowers are self-pollinated and have flowers that never open or are self-pollinated before the flowers open; these flowers are called cleistogamous; many species in the genus Viola exhibit this, for example. [88] Conversely, many species of plants have ways of preventing self-pollination and hence, self-fertilization.
Selfing syndrome refers to plants that are autogamous and display a complex of characteristics associated with self-pollination. [1] The term was first coined by Adrien Sicard and Michael Lenhard in 2011, but was first described in detail by Charles Darwin in his book “The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom” (1876), making note that the flowers of self ...
Self-pollination is promoted by homogamy. Homogamy is when the anthers and the stigma of a flower are being matured at the same time. [5] The action of self-pollination guides the plant to homozygosity, causing a specific gene to be received from each of the parents leading to the possession of two exact formats of that gene. [6]