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The converting process occurs in a converter. Two kinds of converters are widely used: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal converters of the Peirce-Smith type (which are an improvement of the Manhès-David converter ) prevail in the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals. Such a converter is a horizontal barrel lined with refractory material inside.
Molten metal before casting Casting iron in a sand mold. In metalworking and jewelry making, casting is a process in which a liquid metal is delivered into a mold (usually by a crucible) that contains a negative impression (i.e., a three-dimensional negative image) of the intended shape.
Smooth cast surfaces (Ra 1–2.5 micrometres or 0.04–0.10 thou rms). Thinner walls can be cast as compared to sand and permanent mould casting (approximately 0.75 mm or 0.030 in). Inserts can be cast-in (such as threaded inserts, heating elements, and high strength bearing surfaces). Reduces or eliminates secondary machining operations.
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Metal furniture is furniture made with metal parts: iron, carbon steel, aluminium, brass and stainless steel. Iron and steel products are extensively used in many application, ranging from office furnishings to outdoor settings. Cast iron is used mainly for outdoor finishings and settings, such as those used for bench legs and solid iron tables ...
The fast cooling rates created by using a metal mold results in a finer grain structure than sand casting. Retractable metal cores can be used to create undercuts while maintaining a quick action mold. [2] [3] There are three main disadvantages: high tooling cost, limited to low-melting-point metals, and short mold life.
Long thin sections in a design are hard to fill. [1] Sudden changes in wall thickness reduce castability because it induces turbulence during filling; fillets should be added to avoid this. Annulars in the path of flow should be avoided because they can cause cold shuts or misruns. A design that causes isolated hot spots decreases castability. [3]