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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), also known as bronchoalveolar washing, is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the lungs, with a measured amount of fluid introduced and then collected for examination.
Dr. Jeffrey Laitman. Jeffrey Todd Laitman (born October 13, 1951) is an American anatomist and physical anthropologist whose science has combined experimental, comparative, and paleontological studies to understand the development and evolution of the human upper respiratory and vocal tract regions.
Riccardo Polosa (born in July 1961 in Catania) is an Italian respiratory physician. According to a paper published in BMC Public Health, he is the most prolific author in the field of electronic cigarettes, as of 2014. [1] "Full Professor of Internal Medicine and specialist of Respiratory Diseases and Clinical Immunology at the University of ...
It is a national level multiple laboratory network that will help in sentinel surveillance, research genomic level variation, develop diagnostics and vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) related pandemic. [10] [11] The centre is the lead agency under which ten national laboratories are working: [citation needed]
The respiratory rate is set in the respiratory center by the dorsal respiratory group, in the medulla, and these neurons are mostly concentrated in the solitary nucleus that extends the length of the medulla. [4] The basic rhythm of respiration is that of quiet, restful breathing known as eupnea.
After obtaining the patient's respiratory rate, the examiner looks for any signs of respiratory distress, which may include: Cyanosis, a bluish tinge of the extremities (peripheral cyanosis), or of tongue (central cyanosis) [4] Pursed-lip breathing [5] Accessory muscle use, including the scalene and intercostal muscles [5]
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Development of the lower respiratory system. Respiratory development in the embryo begins around week 4. Ectodermal tissue from the anterior head region invaginates posteriorly to form olfactory pits, which fuse with endodermal tissue of the developing pharynx. An olfactory pit is one of a pair of structures that will enlarge to become the ...