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Medical condition Subarachnoid hemorrhage Other names Subarachnoid haemorrhage CT scan of the brain showing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a white area in the center (marked by the arrow) and stretching into the sulci to either side Pronunciation / ˌ s ʌ b ə ˈ r æ k n ɔɪ d ˈ h ɛ m ər ɪ dʒ / Specialty Neurosurgery, Neurology Symptoms Severe headache of rapid onset, vomiting, decreased ...
The Hunt and Hess scale, introduced in 1968, is one of the grading systems used to classify the severity of a subarachnoid hemorrhage based on the patient's clinical condition. It is used as a predictor of patient's prognosis/outcome, with a higher grade correlating to lower survival rate.
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the skull. [1] Subtypes are intracerebral bleeds (intraventricular bleeds and intraparenchymal bleeds), subarachnoid bleeds, epidural bleeds, and subdural bleeds. [2] Intracerebral bleeding affects 2.5 per 10,000 people each year. [1]
Chemical causes include morphine, [10] myelograms with oil-based radiographic contrast agents, [10] phenolic solutions, [11] chlorhexidine, [12] epidural injection of steroids and antibiotics, [5] blood in subarachnoid hemorrhage, [13] epidural blood patches and anesthetics.
In pituitary apoplexy the results are typically normal, although abnormalities may be detected if blood from the pituitary has entered the subarachnoid space. [2] [4] If there is remaining doubt about the possibility of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a magnetic resonance angiogram (MRI with a contrast agent) may be required to identify ...
The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage is estimated at 24.6 cases per 100,000 person years with the incidence rate being similar in men and women. [7] [8] The incidence is much higher in the elderly, especially those who are 85 or older, who are 9.6 times more likely to have an intracerebral hemorrhage as compared to those of middle age. [8]
[1] Treatment is generally by urgent surgery in the form of a craniotomy or burr hole, [1] or (in the case of a spinal epidural hematoma) laminotomy with spinal decompression. The condition occurs in one to four percent of head injuries. [1] Typically it occurs in young adults. [1] Males are more often affected than females. [1]
Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient bloodflow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. [1] This leads to poor oxygen supply or cerebral hypoxia and thus leads to the death of brain tissue or cerebral infarction/ischemic stroke. [2] It is a sub-type of stroke along with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. [3]