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The flexible nature of DO-178C's processes and entry/exit criteria make it difficult to implement the first time, because these aspects are abstract and there is no "base set" of activities from which to work. The intention of DO-178C was not to be prescriptive. There are many possible and acceptable ways for a real project to define these aspects.
The earliest revisions of the Advisory Circular were brief, serving little more than to call attention to active DO-178 revisions. The Advisory Circular revisions C and D are considerably longer, giving guidance in modifying and re-using software previously approved using DO-178, DO-178A, or DO-178B (preceding revisions of the DO-178 standard).
Like DO-178C and DO-278A, it is a joint RTCA undertaking with EUROCAE and the document is also published as ED-94C, Supporting Information for ED-12C and ED-109A. [2] The publication does not provide any guidance additional to DO-178C or DO-278A; rather, it only provides clarification for the guidance established in those standards. [ 3 ]
DO-178C and DO-254 define the design assurance objectives that must be accomplished for given DAL. Unlike SIL, it is the case that both ASIL and DAL are statements measuring degree of hazard. DAL E is the ARP4754 equivalent of QM; in both classifications hazards are negligible and safety management is not required.
The Certification Authorities Software Team (CAST) is an international group of aviation certification and regulatory authority representatives. The organization of has been a means of coordination among representatives from certification authorities in North and South America, Europe, and Asia, in particular, the FAA and EASA.
Many of RTCA documents begin with the letters DO which stands for DOcument. RTCA develops Minimum Operating Performance Standards for aviation-based technology (typically avionics) but has developed standards for such far-ranging topics as Airport Security, Counter UAS Detection standards, and Aircraft Cockpit and Cabin Cleaning standards.
Various standards suggest different levels, e.g. Software Levels A-E in DO-178C, [4] SIL (Safety Integrity Level) 1-4 in IEC 61508, [1] ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) A-D in ISO 26262. [2] The assignment is typically done in the context of an overarching system, where the worst case consequences of software failures are investigated.
It is a misunderstanding that by purely syntactic rearrangements of decisions (breaking them into several independently evaluated conditions using temporary variables, the values of which are then used in the decision) which do not change the semantics of a program can lower the difficulty of obtaining complete MC/DC coverage.
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