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Ferric chloride test. The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols, hydroxamic acids, oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. [1] The bromine test is useful to confirm the result, although modern spectroscopic ...
Iron reacts with fluorine, chlorine, and bromine to give the corresponding ferric halides, ferric chloride being the most common. [14] 2 Fe + 3 X 2 → 2 FeX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br) Ferric iodide is an exception, being thermodynamically unstable due to the oxidizing power of Fe 3+ and the high reducing power of I −: [14] 2 I − + 2 Fe 3+ → I 2 ...
Aqueous iron(III) chloride serves as a one-electron oxidant illustrated by its reaction with copper(I) chloride to give copper(II) chloride and iron(II) chloride. FeCl 3 + CuCl → FeCl 2 + CuCl 2. This fundamental reaction is relevant to the use of ferric chloride solutions in etching copper.
Tannins produce different colors with ferric chloride (either blue, blue black, or green to greenish-black) according to the type of tannin. Iron gall ink is produced by treating a solution of tannins with iron(II) sulfate. [71] Tannins can also be used as a mordant, and is especially useful in natural dyeing of cellulose fibers such as cotton ...
Oxidative coupling of phenols is a chemical reaction wherein two phenolic compounds are coupled via an oxidative process. Oxidative phenol couplings are often catalyzed by transition metal complexes including V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe, among others. Such reactions often form C–C, or C–O bonds between the coupling partners and can be employed as ...
The Nencki reaction (1881) is the ring acetylation of phenols with acids in the presence of zinc chloride. [ 24 ] In a green chemistry variation aluminium chloride is replaced by graphite in an alkylation of p -xylene with 2-bromobutane .
The mechanism of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. Chloroform (1) is deprotonated by a strong base (normally hydroxide) to form the chloroform carbanion (2) which will quickly alpha-eliminate to give dichlorocarbene (3); this is the principal reactive species.
In addition to the ordinary thermal phenyl ester reaction a photochemical variant is possible. The photo-Fries rearrangement can likewise give [1,3] and [1,5] products, [7] [8] which involves a radical reaction mechanism. This reaction is also possible with deactivating substituents on the aromatic group. Because the yields are low this ...